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JLPT 4Joyo 1 |
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| letter, character, writing
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Top: roof 宀, bottom: child 子 (Image of a child with an oversized head 乛, a body 丿 and two outstretched arms 一 seeking help)
Under the roof a child is sitting to study the letters / characters. |
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家
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JLPT 4Joyo 2 |
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| house, specialist
ie, ya, KA, KE
家
宀
豕
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Top: roof 宀, bottom: pig 豕 (cf. 豚)
Under a roof (together) with the pigs: Our house. |
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室
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JLPT 4Joyo 2 |
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| room
muro, SHITSU
宀
至
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Top: roof 宀, below: reach-a-target 至 (From the sky 一 an arrow ム comes to ground 土: falling back.)
When I reach the roof (= return home) I go to my room. |
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安
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JLPT 5Joyo 3 |
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| peaceful, cheap, low
yasui, AN
宀
女
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Top: a roof 宀, bottom: woman 女
With a woman under our roof everything will be peaceful (.. and cheaper??) |
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院
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JLPT 4Joyo 3 |
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| institute
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Left: hill 阝, right: perfect 完 (The roof 宀 as the origin 元 [of the house] should be perfect [against rain?])
This hill is perfect for: an institute. |
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寒
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JLPT 4Joyo 3 |
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| cold
samui, KAN
宀
井
冫
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From top: a roof 宀, a well 井, variant of six 六, variant of ice 冫
A roof over the well and six blocks of ice: That is cold! |
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館
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JLPT 4Joyo 3 |
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| large building, palace, mansion
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Left: eating 食 (cover  on good 良 food), right: government 官 (= Under a roof 宀 with straightly connected rooms 呂)
The food from the government is served in a large building. |
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客
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JLPT 3Joyo 3 |
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| guest, visitor
KYAKU, KAKU|
宀
各
夂
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Top: roof 宀, bottom: every 各 (With crossed legs 夂 on a cushion 口 sits everybody.)
Who sits under the roof cross-legged on a cushion? - Our guest! |
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宮
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JLPT 3Joyo 3 |
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| shrine, palace
miya, KYŪ, GŪ, KU
宀
官
呂
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Top: roof 宀, below: two connected rooms 呂
Under a roof are several connected rooms: A palace or shrine. |
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実
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JLPT 3Joyo 3 |
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| truth, real, fruit
mi, minoru, JITSU
宀
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A house 宀, three 三 and a person 人
Under a roof with three persons it is truthly fruitful. |
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守
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JLPT 3Joyo 3 |
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| protect, defend, guard
mamoru, SHU, SU
宀
寸
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Top: roof 宀, below: skillful hand 寸
The roof and the skillful hand will protect you. |
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定
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JLPT 3Joyo 3 |
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| decide, establish, fix, rule, certainty
sadameru, TEI, JŌ
定
宀
正
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Top: roof 宀, below: var. of correct 正 (at the line 一 to stop 止 is correct.)
Under this roof it is decided according to fixed rules. |
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案
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JLPT 3Joyo 4 |
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| idea, proposal, scheme, plan
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Top: cheap, peaceful 安 (Under our roof 宀 a woman 女, then everything will be peaceful (...and cheaper??), bottom: tree 木
Peace in the trees: That is my plan. |
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害
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JLPT 3Joyo 4 |
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| harm, injury, damage
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From top: roof 宀, growing plant  in a pot 口 (alternative: simplification of poison 毒)
The roof has - by the growing potted plant - been damaged. |
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完
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JLPT 3Joyo 4 |
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| complete, finish, perfect
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Top: roof 宀, below: origin/source 元 (Two 二 legs 儿 have the same origin.)
The roof as the origin of a building [roof =yane = 屋 根 =its root] needs to be complete and finished. |
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官
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JLPT 3Joyo 4 |
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| Government, bureaucrat
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Top: roof 宀, below: typically understood as buttocks  (both cheeks), but herer better: two connected rooms 呂
Under a roof with straightly connected rooms is the government. |
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管
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JLPT 3Joyo 4 |
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| tube, pipe, control
kuda, KAN
竹
官
宀
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Top: bamboo 竹, bottom: government 官 (Under a roof 宀 with straightly connected rooms 呂 is the government.) - here: a cover 宀 and two tubes 呂 [in cross-section])
Made of bamboo is the cover over the two: pipes. |
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察
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JLPT 3Joyo 4 |
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| investigate, judge, guess, realize, consider
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Top: roof 宀, below: festival 祭 (Meat 月/肉 is put by hand  on the altar 示 for the festival (of sacrifice)
The house festival has to be investigated. |
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宿
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JLPT 3Joyo 3 |
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| lodge, accommodation, sheltering
yado, yadoru, SHUKU
宀
人
百
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Top: roof 宀, below: person 亻(variation of 人) and: one hundred 百 (The number 100 read from top downwards.)
A 'roof' hosting people in hundreds is a lodge. |
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演
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JLPT 2Joyo 5 |
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| performance, act, play, stage
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Left: water 氵, right: roof/house 宀, one 一, field 田, eight 八
The water in the house at the one/single field is part of the eight perfomances. |
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寄
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JLPT 2Joyo 5 |
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| come near, approach, meet, visit
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Top: roof 宀, bottom: strange 奇 (There are a big 大 possibilities 可, but it looks strange.)
Under a roof, there is the big possibility to get closer. |
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富
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JLPT 2Joyo 5 |
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| wealth, riches
tomi, tomu, FU, FŪ
宀
畐
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Top: roof/house 宀, below: barrel of sake 畐 (originally pictograph of a barrel of sake as an altar offering; from there: wealth, luck 福)
A house with barrels of sake is wealthy. |
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容
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JLPT 2Joyo 5 |
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| outer appearance, looks, contain, agree
ireru, YŌ
宀
谷
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Top: roof 宀, below: valley 谷 (pictogr. of a valley opening towards the plain)
The roofs (=houses) in this valley have an outer appearance, that is acceptable. |
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宇
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JLPT 2Joyo 6 |
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| eaves, projection at end of roof, universe
noki, U
宀
干
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Top: roof 宀, below: dry 干 (image of a drying rack)
The "roof" that is keeping dry, are the eaves. |
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穴
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JLPT 1Joyo 6 |
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| hole, cavity, pit, slit
ana, KETSU
穴
宀
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Top: roof 宀 as a cover, below: eight 八 (here: a narrowing path)
It is covered and a narrowing path leads into it: the hole or cavity. |
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憲
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JLPT 1Joyo 6 |
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| Constitution, law
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From top: roof 宀, growing plant , eye 罒, heart 心
Under this 'roof' you can grow and it has an eye on the hearts: The constitution. |
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宗
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JLPT 1Joyo 6 |
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| religion, sect
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Top: roof 宀, below: to show 示/礻 (image of an altar 丁 with sth. 一 on that is shown.)
The "roof" over the altar is the religion. |
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縮
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JLPT 1Joyo 6 |
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| shrink, reduce, shorten
chijimu/meru, SHUKU
糸
宀
百
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Left: thread 糸, right: accommodation/lodge 宿 (Below a roof 宀 with persons 人 in hundreds 百)
(The laundry was washed too hot:) The threads in the lodge have been shrunk. |
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宣
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JLPT 1Joyo 6 |
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| announcement, promulgate, state
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Roof 宀 and 亘 (sun ray 一 and sunrise 旦 (sun 日 above horizon 一)
(At sunrise, the rays hit highest places first:) At the roof 宀, with a first sun ray 一 the sunrise 旦 is announced. |
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宅
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JLPT 2Joyo 6 |
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| residence, home, house
TAKU|
宀
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Top: roof 宀, below: 乇 (= plant with roots)
Under a roof with a rooted plant is my residence. |
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宙
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JLPT 2Joyo 6 |
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| space, mid-air, sky
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Top: roof 宀, below: reason/cause 由 (Here: A rocket丨starts from a rice field 田.)
Through the roof the rocket is starting from the field into: space. |
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宝
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JLPT 2Joyo 6 |
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| treasure, preciousness, valuable, wealth
takara, HŌ
宀
玉
王
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Top: roof 宀, bottom: jewel/ball 玉 (king 王, jewel 丶)
Below a roof are the jewels: the treasure. |
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密
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JLPT 1Joyo 6 |
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| hidden, secret, dense, intimate
hisoka, MITSU
宀
必
山
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From top: roof 宀, certainly 必 (... is the heart 心 pierced by a lance ノ), montain 山
(Protecting) roofs are certainly in the mountains for hideing. |
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宴
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| banquet, party
utage, EN
宀
女
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From top: roof 宀, sun 日, woman 女
Below the roof, the sunny woman hosts a banquet. |
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寡
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| widow, few, slightly
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From top: roof 宀, head/forehead (for person) 頁, share, divide 分 (with eight 八 swords 刀)
Under the roof according to the head(-count) [the inheritance] is divided. A little remains for the widow. |
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寛
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| tolerant, generous, magnanimous, relax
kutsurogu, KAN
宀
艹
見
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From top: house 宀, plant 艹, see/look 見 (= The eye 目 is on legs 儿 when looking around.)
(A green roof where insects and perhaps bees may settle?) A roof made of plants is seen as: tolerant and generous. |
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宜
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| good, right, appropriate
yoroshii, GI
宀
且
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Top: roof 宀, below: besides/moreover 且 (A pile of stones [= a stone cairn] where moreover stones are added.)
A roof in addition? Good! Appropriate! |
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宰
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| administer, manage, supervision
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Top: roof/house 宀, below: spicy/bitter 辛 (image of a needle for tattooing)
(Always expensive repairs:) A house causes bitterness because you have to administer (= supervise) it. |
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擦
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| rub, grind, grate, scrape, scrub, chafe, scour
suru/reru, kosuru, SATSU
扌
宀
祭
礻
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Left: hand 扌, right: investigate 察 (The house-宀 festival 祭 is investigated [festival 祭 = Meat 月/肉 is put by hand on the altar 示/礻for the festival of sacrifice.]
The hand investigates sth. by rubbing it. |
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寂
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| lonely, lonesome, mature, quiet
sabishii, sabi, JAKU, SEKI
宀
叔
尗
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Top: roof/house 宀, below: parent's younger siblings 叔 (.. harvesting pepper plants 尗 by hand 又)
(As they are out to harvest pepper by hand?) The house of my younger uncle is lonely. |
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狩
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| hunt
karu/ri, SHU
犭
宀
寸
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Left: wild animal 犭 (dog on hind legs), right: protect 守 (.. by a roof 宀 or a skillful hand 寸) [cf. to catch 獲, where a basket 艹 is falling on that bird]
For wild animals use a trap 宀 and your skillful hand 寸 to hunt them. |
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宵
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| (early) evening, dusk
yoi, SHŌ
宀
肖
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Top: roof/house 宀, below: alike 肖 (Small 小 bodies 月/肉 are alike.)
The roofs of the buildings look alike in the evening. |
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寝
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JLPT 2Joyo 7 |
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| sleep, lie down, rest
neru/kasu, SHIN
宀
丬
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Top: roof 宀, left: bed 丬 (image of a tree cut into half; cf. fragment 片,爿), right: "only one glove"  (hand ヨ, only one cover 冖, further hand 又)
Under a roof with a bed and only one glove is where I sleep. |
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審
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| (jurisdictional) trial, hearing, consider, investigate
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Top: roof/house 宀, below: watch, guard 番 (The ripe rice-plants 釆 [= combination of rice plant 禾 and rice 米] on the field 田 are numbered and are guarded.)
The house is guarded during the trial. |
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寧
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| rather, better, preferably, instead, peaceful
mushiro, NEI
宀
心
罒
丁
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From top: roof 宀, heart 心, eye 罒, city block 丁 (Here as a nail like at 'to strike' 打)
A roof for my heart and eye instead of this nail is what I rather need to be peaceful. |
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賓
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| VIP, privileged guest, visitor, guest of honor
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From top: roof 宀, one 一, few/little 少, shell/money 貝
Under our roof, this (particular) one needs only little money: He is a VIP-guest. |
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溶
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JLPT 2Joyo 7 |
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| melt, dissolve
tokeru/kasu, YŌ
氵
宀
谷
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Left: water 氵, right: outer apperance 容 (The roofs 宀 in the valley 谷 define its appearance.)
Water comes from the roofes into the valley, because it is melting. |
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寮
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JLPT 1Joyo 7 |
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| dormitory, hostel
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Top: roof 宀, below: 尞 (big 大 person with fat 丷 legs, day 日 (here: two tatami mats), small 小
Under a roof, the big ones (with fat legs) lie on tatami mats with the small ones: We are in a dormitory. |
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腕
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JLPT 2Joyo 7 |
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| arm, ability, skill
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Left: body 月/肉, right: address 宛 (The roof 宀 under which I fall at the evening 夕 into a slumped 㔾 position: that is my address.)
My body collapses under the roof at the (live's) evening into a slumped person, but my arms are still capable/skilled. |
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宛
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JLPT -Joyo 7 |
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| allocate, to address
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Top: roof 宀, below: evening 夕, slumped Person 㔾
The roof under which I collapse at the evening into a slumped position: that is my address. |
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塞
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JLPT -Joyo 7 |
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| obstruct, blockage
fusagu, fusagaru, SAI, SOKU
宀
井
六
土
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From top: roof 宀, a well 井, var. of six 六, earth 土
Despite the roof, the well was already six-times filled with earth and thus obstructed. |
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踪
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JLPT -Joyo 7 |
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| footmark, track, remains
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Left: foot 足 (kneecap 口 and a footprint 止), right: religion 宗 (The "roof" 宀 over the altar 示/礻 is the religion)
Feet as well as religions leave footmarks. |
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綻
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JLPT -Joyo 7 |
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| rip, be torn apart, to open out, opened seam
hokorobiru, TAN
糸
定
宀
正
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Left: thread 糸, right: fix, decide 定 (Under the roof 宀 we have correct 正 rules for our decitions.)
The thread has fixed it, but now it is ripped open. |
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蜜
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JLPT -Joyo 7 |
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| honey, nectar
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From top: roof 宀, certainly 必 (... is the heart 心 pierced by a lance ノ), insect 虫
Below that roof are certainly insects with honey. |
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